Definition

• Any occurrence in the airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicles, persons, and objects that can create a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.
• It requires someone to be at fault
• Pilots, controllers, and vehicle operators can cause runway incursions

How to prevent

• Familiarity with the airport layout by studying an airport diagram
• Visually clearing the length of the runway and the approach area before taxing across or onto the runway
• Reading back all runway instructions in full
• Turning on all exterior lights before crossing the runway holding short marking
• Situational awareness at all times while on the airport surface
• Writing down complex taxi instructions
• Request a progressive taxi at busier airports
• Know airport signage
• Use proper phraseology
• Familiarity with NOTAMs

Pilots are encouraged to perform the self-test “I’M SAFE” prior to attempting flight.

• I=ILLNESS
• M=MEDICATION
• S=STRESS
• A=ALCOHOL (consumed within 8 hours, BAC 0.04% +, hangover)
• F=FATIGUE
• E=EMOTION, EATING (Normal Psychological state and proper nourishment)

파일럿은 비행 전에 IMSAFE라는 셀프 테스트를 통해 자신의 컨디션을 체크한다. 난 평소 술을 안마시니까 한가지 항목은 신경 안 써도 될 듯 싶다. 실제로 한시간 반 가량 교관과 비행을 마치면 육체적인 피로가 상당하다. 비행에 적응하는 교육 초반 시기인데다 랜딩에 집중하다 보니 비행을 마치면 꼭 휴식이 필요하다.