Definition

• Any occurrence in the airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicles, persons, and objects that can create a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.
• It requires someone to be at fault
• Pilots, controllers, and vehicle operators can cause runway incursions

How to prevent

• Familiarity with the airport layout by studying an airport diagram
• Visually clearing the length of the runway and the approach area before taxing across or onto the runway
• Reading back all runway instructions in full
• Turning on all exterior lights before crossing the runway holding short marking
• Situational awareness at all times while on the airport surface
• Writing down complex taxi instructions
• Request a progressive taxi at busier airports
• Know airport signage
• Use proper phraseology
• Familiarity with NOTAMs