JYLEE

Hypoxia

Posted on November 14, 2019November 14, 2019 by JYLEE in Flight Diary

Definition

a state of oxygen deficiency in the body
reduced barometric pressure(higher altitude) reduces the concentration of oxygen in each breath
medication, carbon monoxide, anemia, extreme hot&cold, fever, drugs, alcohol and anxiety increase the body’s need for oxygen
if we do not get sufficient oxygen, symptoms occur, followed by unconsciousness before die

Symptoms

Cyanosis
Headache
Euphoria
Drowsiness
Decreases reaction time
Impaired judgement
Visual impairment

Treatment

fly at lower altitude
use the supplemental oxygen
land at the nearest airport
seek medical help

Four types of Hypoxia

Hypoxic hypoxia – inadequate supply of oxygen to the body.
Hypemic hypoxia – inability of blood to carry oxygen(smoking )
Stagnant hypoxia – inadequate circulation of oxygen(cold temp)
Histotoxic hypoxia – Inability of the cells to use oxygen effectively (alcohol)

Special Use Airspace

Posted on November 14, 2019 by JYLEE in Flight Diary

Warning area

depicted with a blue border
warns non-participating aircraft of unusual hazards
starts at 3NM off the coast and extends outward to at least 12 NM off the coastal area
pilots must exercise extreme caution

Alert area

depicted with a magenta border
denotes an area having a high concentration of military student training
pilots must exercise extreme caution

Restricted area

depicted with a blue border
denotes an area having unusual and invisible hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles
pilots must get a clearance from ATC(controlling agency, using agency) prior to entering

MOA(Military Operations Area)

depicted with a magenta border
separates an area containing military activities from IFR traffic
VFR pilots must exercise extreme caution
IFR pilots must get a clearance before entering

Prohibited area

depicted with a blue border
contains airspace where flight is prohibited
established for security or national welfare

Controlled firing area

not depicted
do not cause non-participating aircraft to change their flight paths
when a spotter aircraft, radar, or ground personnel determines and aircraft might be approaching the area, the activities are discontinued

Airspace

Posted on November 14, 2019November 14, 2019 by JYLEE in Flight Diary

Class A

Dimension : FL180-FL600 including airspace over the waters within 12 nm of coast of the 48 states and Alaska.
Equipment : mode C, two-way radio, IFR equipment.
Entry requirement : ATC clearance, IFR plan, Instrument Rating
Wx minimum : N/A

Class B

Dimension : It is indivisually tailored for each airport. (usually 10,000’msl)
Consists of usually 3 stages like upside down wedding cake.(not exceed 30nm radius)
Equipment : mode C, two-way radio
Entry requirement : ATC clearance, PPL(STUDENT PILOT W/T INDORSEMENT)
Wx minimum : Vis 3sm, COC

Class C

Dimension : It is individually tailored for each airport.
usually core area is up to 4000’AGL with 5nm radius. and shelf area is from 1200’ to 4000’AGL with 10nm radius
Equipment : mode C, two-way radio ( if mode C x, permission is needed)
Entry requirement : two-way radio communication, student pilot
Wx minimum : Vis 3sm 152

Class D

Dimension : It is usually up to 2,500’AGL with 4nm radius of circle
Equipment : two-way radio
Entry requirement : student pilot, two-way radio communication
Wx minimum : Vis 3sm, 152

Class E

Dimension : controlled airspace that is not designated as class A,B,C,D
Equipment : N/A
Entry requirement : N/A
Wx minimum : Vis 3sm 152 (below 10,000’msl), Vis 5sm 111 (above 10,000’msl)

Class G

Dimension : uncontrolled airspace located anywhere that class A,B,C,D,E has been not designated
Equipment : N/A
Entry requirement : N/A
Wx minimum : below 1,200’AGL = 1sm, COC (DAY), 3sm 152 (NIGHT) above 1,200‘AGL = 1sm, 152 (DAY), 3sm 152 (NIGHT) / above 10,000’MSL = 5sm, 111

Runway Incursions

Posted on June 20, 2018November 14, 2019 by JYLEE in Flight Diary

Definition

Any occurrence in the airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicles, persons, and objects that can create a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.
It requires someone to be at fault
Pilots, controllers, and vehicle operators can cause runway incursions

How to prevent

Familiarity with the airport layout by studying an airport diagram
Visually clearing the length of the runway and the approach area before taxing across or onto the runway
Reading back all runway instructions in full
Turning on all exterior lights before crossing the runway holding short marking
Situational awareness at all times while on the airport surface
Writing down complex taxi instructions
Request a progressive taxi at busier airports
Know airport signage
Use proper phraseology
Familiarity with NOTAMs

IM SAFE

Posted on June 20, 2018November 14, 2019 by JYLEE in Flight Diary

Pilots are encouraged to perform the self-test “I’M SAFE” prior to attempting flight.

I=ILLNESS
M=MEDICATION
S=STRESS
A=ALCOHOL (consumed within 8 hours, BAC 0.04% +, hangover)
F=FATIGUE
E=EMOTION, EATING (Normal Psychological state and proper nourishment)

파일럿은 비행 전에 IMSAFE라는 셀프 테스트를 통해 자신의 컨디션을 체크한다. 난 평소 술을 안마시니까 한가지 항목은 신경 안 써도 될 듯 싶다. 실제로 한시간 반 가량 교관과 비행을 마치면 육체적인 피로가 상당하다. 비행에 적응하는 교육 초반 시기인데다 랜딩에 집중하다 보니 비행을 마치면 꼭 휴식이 필요하다.